Making a Grade: Victorian Examinations and the Rise of Standardized Testing free ebook download.

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Making a Grade: Victorian Examinations and the Rise of Standardized Testing free ebook download

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History

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Author(s):	James Elwick

Date:	2021	Format:	pdf	Language:	English	ISBN/ASIN:	148750893X
Pages:	304	OCR:		Quality:		ISBN13:
Uploader:	maveriks	Upload Date:	6/17/2021 6:20:53 AM

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Starting in the 1850s achievement tests became standardized in the British Isles, and were administered on an industrial scale. By the end of the century more than two million people had written mass exams, particularly in science, technology, and mathematics. Some candidates responded to this standardization by cramming or cheating  others embraced the hope that such tests rewarded not only knowledge but also merit.
Written with humour, Making a Grade looks at how standardized testing practices quietly appeared, and then spread worldwide. This book situates mass exams, marks, and credentials in an emerging paper-based meritocracy, arguing that such exams often first appeared as "cameras" to neutrally record achievement, and then became "engines" to change education as people tailored their behaviour to fit these tests. Taking the perspectives of both examiners and examinees, Making a Grade claims that our own cultures desire for accountability through objective testing has a long history.

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Tags: Examinations Grade Making Rise Standardized Testing Victorian

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