Gray 39's Anatomy for Students free ebook download.

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Gray 39's Anatomy for Students free ebook download

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Medicine

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Author(s):	Richard L. Drake

Date:	2021	Format:	pdf	Language:	English	ISBN/ASIN:	2018952008
Pages:	1233	OCR:		Quality:		ISBN13:
Uploader:	eternal	Upload Date:	6/13/2022 9:23:50 AM

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1 The Body
ADDITIONAL LEARNING RESOURCES for Chapter 1, The Body, on STUDENT CONSULT (www.studentconsult.com)
What is anatomy?
How can gross anatomy be studied?
Important anatomical terms
The anatomical position
Anatomical planes
Terms to describe location
Anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal), medial and lateral, superior and inferior
Proximal and distal, cranial and caudal, and rostral
Superficial and deep
Imaging
Diagnostic imaging techniques
Plain radiography
Contrast agents
Subtraction angiography
Ultrasound
Doppler ultrasound
Computed tomography
Magnetic resonance imaging
Diffusion-weighted imaging
Nuclear medicine imaging
Positron emission tomography
Single photon emission computed tomography
Image interpretation
Plain radiography
Chest radiograph
Abdominal radiograph
Gastrointestinal contrast examinations
Urological contrast studies
Computed tomography
Magnetic resonance imaging
Nuclear medicine imaging
Safety in imaging
Body systems
Skeletal system
Cartilage
Bone
Joints
Synovial joints
Descriptions of synovial joints based on shape and movement
Specific types of synovial joints (Fig. 1.20)
Solid joints
Skin and fascias
Skin
Fascia
Muscular system
Cardiovascular system
Lymphatic system
Lymphatic vessels
Lymph nodes
Lymphatic trunks and ducts
Nervous system
Central nervous system
Brain
Spinal cord
Meninges
Functional subdivisions of the CNS
Somatic part of the nervous system
Dermatomes
Myotomes
Visceral part of the nervous system
Terminology
Sympathetic system
1. Peripheral sympathetic innervation at the level of origin of the preganglionic fiber
2. Peripheral sympathetic innervation above or below the level of origin of the preganglionic fiber
3. Sympathetic innervation of thoracic and cervical viscera
4. Sympathetic innervation of the abdomen and pelvic regions and the adrenals
Parasympathetic system
Sacral preganglionic parasympathetic fibers
Cranial nerve preganglionic parasympathetic fibers
Visceral sensory innervation (visceral afferents)
Visceral sensory fibers accompany sympathetic fibers
Visceral sensory fibers accompany parasympathetic fibers
The enteric system
Nerve plexuses
Somatic plexuses
Visceral plexuses
Other systems
Clinical cases
2 Back
ADDITIONAL LEARNING RESOURCES for Chapter 2, Back, on STUDENT CONSULT (www.studentconsult.com):
Conceptual overview
General description
Functions
Support
Movement
Protection of the nervous system
Component parts
Bones
Typical vertebra
Muscles
Vertebral canal
Spinal nerves
Relationship to other regions
Head
Thorax, abdomen, and pelvis
Limbs
Key features
Long vertebral column and short spinal cord
Intervertebral foramina and spinal nerves
Innervation of the back
Regional anatomy
Skeletal framework
Vertebrae
Typical vertebra
Cervical vertebrae
Atlas and axis
Thoracic vertebrae
Lumbar vertebrae
Sacrum
Coccyx
Intervertebral foramina
Posterior spaces between vertebral arches
Joints
Joints between vertebrae in the back
Symphyses between vertebral bodies (intervertebral discs)
Joints between vertebral arches (zygapophysial joints)
“Uncovertebral” joints
Ligaments
Anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments
Ligamenta flava
Supraspinous ligament and ligamentum nuchae
Interspinous ligaments
Back musculature
Superficial group of back muscles
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid minor and rhomboid major
Intermediate group of back muscles
Deep group of back muscles
Thoracolumbar fascia
Spinotransversales muscles
Erector spinae muscles
Transversospinales muscles
Segmental muscles
Suboccipital muscles
Spinal cord
Vasculature
Arteries
Veins
Meninges
Spinal dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Subarachnoid space
Pia mater
Arrangement of structures in the vertebral canal
Spinal nerves
Nomenclature of spinal nerves
Surface anatomy
Back surface anatomy
Absence of lateral curvatures
Primary and secondary curvatures in the sagittal plane
Useful nonvertebral skeletal landmarks
How to identify specific vertebral spinous processes
Visualizing the inferior ends of the spinal cord and subarachnoid space
Identifying major muscles
Clinical cases
3 Thorax
ADDITIONAL LEARNING RESOURCES for Chapter 3, Thorax, on STUDENT CONSULT (www.studentconsult.com):
Conceptual overview
General description
Functions
Breathing
Protection of vital organs
Conduit
Component parts
Thoracic wall
Superior thoracic aperture
Inferior thoracic aperture
Diaphragm
Mediastinum
Pleural cavities
Relationship to other regions
Neck
Upper limb
Abdomen
Breast
Key features
Vertebral level TIV/V
Venous shunts from left to right
Segmental neurovascular supply of thoracic wall
Sympathetic system
Flexible wall and inferior thoracic aperture
Innervation of the diaphragm
Regional anatomy
Pectoral region
Breast
Arterial supply
Venous drainage
Innervation
Lymphatic drainage
Breast in men
Muscles of the pectoral region
Pectoralis major
Subclavius and pectoralis minor muscles
Thoracic wall
Skeletal framework
Thoracic vertebrae
Typical thoracic vertebra
Articulation with ribs
Ribs
Distinct features of upper and lower ribs
Rib I
Rib II
Rib X
Ribs XI and XII
Sternum
Manubrium of the sternum
Body of the sternum
Xiphoid process
Joints
Costovertebral joints
Joint with head of rib
Costotransverse joints
Sternocostal joints
Interchondral joints
Manubriosternal and xiphisternal joints
Intercostal spaces
Muscles
Intercostal muscles
External intercostal muscles
Internal intercostal muscles
Innermost intercostal muscles
Subcostales
Transversus thoracis muscles
Arterial supply
Posterior intercostal arteries
Anterior intercostal arteries
Venous drainage
Lymphatic drainage
Innervation
Intercostal nerves
Diaphragm
Arterial supply
Venous drainage
Innervation
Movements of the thoracic wall and diaphragm during breathing
Pleural cavities
Pleura
Parietal pleura
Peripheral reflections
Visceral pleura
Pleural recesses
Costomediastinal recesses
Costodiaphragmatic recesses
Lungs
Root and hilum
Right lung
Left lung
Bronchial tree
Bronchopulmonary segments
Pulmonary arteries
Right pulmonary artery
Left pulmonary artery
Pulmonary veins
Bronchial arteries and veins
Innervation
Lymphatic drainage
Mediastinum
Anterior mediastinum
Middle mediastinum
Pericardium
Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium
Vessels and nerves
Heart
Cardiac orientation
Base (posterior surface) and apex
Surfaces of the heart
Margins and borders
External sulci
Cardiac chambers
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Tricuspid valve
Pulmonary valve
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Mitral valve
Aortic valve
Cardiac skeleton
Coronary vasculature
Coronary arteries
Right coronary artery.
Left coronary artery.
Variations in the distribution patterns of coronary arteries.
Cardiac veins
Great cardiac vein.
Middle cardiac vein.
Small cardiac vein.
Posterior cardiac vein.
Other cardiac veins.
Coronary lymphatics
Cardiac conduction system
Sinu-atrial node
Atrioventricular node
Atrioventricular bundle
Cardiac innervation
Parasympathetic innervation
Sympathetic innervation
Visceral afferents
Pulmonary trunk
Ascending aorta
Other vasculature
Superior mediastinum
Thymus
Right and left brachiocephalic veins
Left superior intercostal vein
Superior vena cava
Arch of aorta and its branches
The first branch
The second branch
The third branch
Ligamentum arteriosum
Trachea and esophagus
Nerves of the superior mediastinum
Vagus nerves
Right vagus nerve
Left vagus nerve
Phrenic nerves
Right phrenic nerve
Left phrenic nerve
Thoracic duct in the superior mediastinum
Posterior mediastinum
Esophagus
Relationships to important structures in the posterior mediastinum
Arterial supply and venous and lymphatic drainage
Innervation
Esophageal plexus
Thoracic aorta
Azygos system of veins
Azygos vein
Hemiazygos vein
Accessory hemiazygo

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	Title	Link	Password	Size (MB)	Thank to	Inform Admin
3127752	part1	https://nitro.download/view/E2750C54077D...		101.00	eternal
3127753	part2	https://nitro.download/view/B72BCA06F5AA...		88.00	eternal

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