History and Future of Economics free ebook download.

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History and Future of Economics free ebook download

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Author(s):	Robert U. Ayres

Date:	2023	Format:	MOBI	Language:	English	ISBN/ASIN:	3031262077
Pages:		OCR:		Quality:		ISBN13:	9783031262074
Uploader:	comet	Upload Date:	11/27/2024 5:24:12 AM

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3031262077 MOBI
The purpose of this book is three-fold. The first purpose is to posit that the fundamental substance of the universe is energy, and that energy is required (consumed) for any material transformation, or information transmission. The labor theory of value, articulated by the physiocrats and elaborated by Adam Smith, David Ricardo, J.B. Say and Karl Marx was a rough first approximation of the value creation process, in the 17th and 18th centuries, but is now obsolete. Labor is now (mostly) performed by machines, not by humans (or animals).

The second aim of the book is to argue that the economy is a living (open) system - an "island of order" -that exists far from both thermodynamic and economic equilibrium. Order is achieved by dissipating a flux of exergy. Economists frequently emphasize the equilibrium assumption, introduced originally by Leon Walras in 1854. But in reality, biological systems and human social systems are dissipative cycles, far from both thermodynamic equilibrium, and economic equilibrium, yet stable and capable of evolution, driven by the solar exergy flux.

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	Title	Link	Size (MB)	Thank to
3278963	Book	https://turbobit.net/p94es7ut9u9i.html...	22.35	comet
3278964	Book	https://dailyuploads.net/pzpv8svt16dv/kl...	22.35	comet
3278965	Book	https://filespayout.com/if8chsd09qp1/kli...	22.35	comet

Tags: Economics Future History

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