Beam Test Calorimeter Prototypes for the CMS Calorimeter Endcap Upgrade: Qualification, Performance Validation and Fast Generative Modelling (Springer Theses) free ebook download.

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Beam Test Calorimeter Prototypes for the CMS Calorimeter Endcap Upgrade: Qualification, Performance Validation and Fast Generative Modelling (Springer Theses) free ebook download

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Author(s):	Thorben Quast

Date:	2024	Format:	pdf	Language:	English	ISBN/ASIN:	3030902013
Pages:	299	OCR:		Quality:		ISBN13:
Uploader:	gestalt	Upload Date:	3/25/2024 5:27:18 AM

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3030902013 pdf
In order to cope with the increased radiation level and the challenging pile-up conditions at High Luminosity-LHC, the CMS collaboration will replace its current calorimeter endcaps with the High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) in the mid 2020s. This dissertation addresses two important topics related to the preparation of the HGCAL upgrade: experimental validation of its silicon- based design and fast simulation of its data.
Beam tests at the DESY (Hamburg) and the CERN SPS beam test facilities in 2018 have been the basis for the design validation. The associated experimental infrastructure, the algorithms deployed in the reconstruction of the recorded data, as well as the respective analyses are reported in this thesis: First, core components of the silicon-based prototype modules are characterised and it is demonstrated that the assembled modules are functional. In particular, their efficiency to detect minimum ionising particles (MIPs) traversing the silicon sensorsis found to be more than 98% for most of the modules. No indication of charge sharing between the silicon pads is observed. Subsequently, the energy response is calibrated in situ using the beam test data. Equalisation of the different responses among the readout channels is achieved with MIPs hereby deploying the HGCAL prototype as a MIP-tracking device. The relative variation of the inferred calibration constants amounts to 3% for channels on the same readout chip. The calibration of the time-of-arrival information is performed with an external time reference detector. With it, timing resolutions of single cells including the full prototype readout chain around 60ps in the asymptotic high energy limit are obtained. The calorimetric performance of the HGCAL prototype is validated with particle showers induced by incident positrons and charged pions. For electromagnetic showers, the constant term in the relative energy resolution is measured to be (0.52 0.08) %, whereas the stochastic term amounts to (22.2  0.3)% GeV. This result is in good agreement with the calorimeter simulation with GEANT4. The prototypes positioning resolution of the shower axis, after subtracting the contribution from the delay wire chambers in the beam line used as reference, is found to be below 0.4 mm at 300 GeV. At the same energy, the angular resolution in the reconstruction of the electromagnetic shower axis in this prototype is measured to be less than 5mrad. The analysis of the hadronic showers in this thesis makes use state-of-the- art machine-learning methods that exploit the calorimeters granularity. It is indicated that the energy resolution may be improved using software compensation and also that the separation of electromagnetic and charged pion-induced showers in the calorimeter may benefit from such methods. The measurements of the hadronic showers are adequately reproduced by GEANT4 simulation. Altogether, the obtained results from the analysis of the beam test data inthis thesis are in agreement with the full functionality of the silicon-based HGCAL design.
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Tags: Beam Calorimeter Calorimeter Endcap Performance Prototypes Qualification Test Upgrade Validation

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