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Description of  Statistics with Posterior Probability and a PHC Curve, 2024th Edition

9819730937 pdf In recent years, there have been several reports that the results of studies using significant tests cannot be reproduced. It is a problem called a “reproducibility crisis”. For example, suppose we could reject the null hypothesis that “the average number of days to recovery in patients who took a new drug was the same as that in the control group”. However, rejecting the null hypothesis is only a necessary condition for the new drug to be effective. Even if the necessary conditions are met, it does not necessarily mean that the new drug is effective. In fact, there are many cases where the effect is not reproduced. Sufficient conditions should be presented, such as “the average number of days until recovery in patients who take new drugs is sufficiently short compared to the control group, evaluated from a medical point of view”, without paying attention to necessary conditions.