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Description of  Hydraulic Fracturing Operations: Handbook of Environmental Management Practices

Hydraulic fracturing, commonly referred to as fracking, is a technique used by the oil and gas industry to mine hydrocarbons trapped deep beneath the Earths surface. The principles underlying the technology are not new. Fracking was first applied at the commercial level in the United States as early as 1947, and over the decades it has been applied in various countries including Canada, the UK, and Russia. The author worked with engineering teams as early as the mid-1970s in evaluating ways to improve oil recovery from this practice. Read more