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Description of  Freemasonry in the Ottoman Empire: A History of the Fraternity and its Influence in Syria and the Levant (Library of Ottoman Studies)

The network of freemasons and Masonic lodges in the Middle East is an opaque and mysterious one, and is all too often seen within the area as a vanguard for Western purposes of regional domination. But here, Dorothe Sommer explains how freemasonry in Greater Syria at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth century actually developed a life of its own, promoting local and regional identities. She stresses that during the rule of the Ottoman Empire, freemasonry was actually one of the first institutions in what is now Syria and Lebanon which overcame religious and sectarian divisions. Indeed, the lodges attracted more participants such as the Trad Family, the Jurji Yanni Yaziji Family, Hassan Bayhum, Alexander Barroudi and Khaireddeen Abdulwahab than any other society or fraternity. Read more